the same time； so as to divide Zhuge Liang。〃
〃Where are the five armies to e from？〃 said Cao Pi。
＇e＇ Lu Wang was a master strategist； founding minister of Zhou Dynasty； counselor to King Wen。 Before joining King Wen； Lu Wang had been a fisher； who mediated on the river bank on political events。 。。。。。
Sima Yi went on； 〃The first is to be got from Liaodong； from the Xianbi State。 You must write to King Kebi Neng and send him presents of gold and silks so that he may send one hundred thousand Qiang troops from Liaoxi to attack Xiping Pass。 Secondly； the king of the Mang Tribes； Meng Huo； must be persuaded to lead one hundred thousand troops to attack the south of Shu………Yizhou； Yongchang； Zangge； and Yuesui。 Thirdly； you must send an ambassador to Wu with fair promises of an increase of territory； and so induce Sun Quan to march one hundred thousand troops to the attack of the Three Gorges； making Fucheng his objective。 The fourth army can be got from General Meng Da in Shangyong； who can muster one hundred thousand troops to attack Hanzhong。 Lastly； our own force of one hundred thousand troops may be placed under Cao Zhen； who will attack by way of Yangping Pass。 With five hundred thousand troops making simultaneous attacks along five different directions； it would be hard for Zhuge Liang to hold his own； even if he had the talent of Lu Wang* himself。〃
The scheme delighted Cao Pi； who at once cast about for four glib…tongued messengers。 He also issued a mission to Cao Zhen as mander…in…Chief with the order to take Yangping Pass。
At this time Zhang Liao and most others of the veterans who had served Cao Cao were keeping watch in various stations and passes and fords in Jizhou； Xuzhou； Qingzhou； and Hefei。 They were not summoned for this expedition to the west。
After the accession of Liu Shan； the Latter Ruler； many of those who had served his father gradually died after the decease of their master。 The work of the administration of the country； the choice of officials； law…making； taxation； decision of legal cases； was all done by the Prime Minister。
As the Latter Ruler had no consort； the courtiers； headed by Zhuge Liang； proposed； saying； 〃The daughter of the late General of the Flying Cavalry Zhang Fei is prudent； and she is now seventeen。 Your Majesty should make her Empress。〃
So Lady Zhang was married to the Emperor and became Empress Zhang。
It was in the autumn of the first year of Beginning Prosperity （AD 223） that the Latter Ruler heard of the plans and intentions of Wei against his state。
The persons who told him gave him full details said： 〃Wei has mustered five armies of one hundred thousand each to march against the River Lands。 The first army led by mander…in…Chief Cao Zhen is heading to Yangping Pass。 The second army from Shangyong led by the rebel Meng Da is planning to attack Hanzhong。 The third army from Wu is threatening the Three Gorges。 The fourth army under King Kebi Neng of the Qiang tribes is marching to Xiping Pass。 And the fifth army by Meng Huo of the Mang nations is approaching the southern border near Yizhou； Yongchang； Zangge； and Yuesui。 The border stations have sent flying requests for help。 We have informed the Prime Minister。 But his conduct puzzles us。 We do not know why he does not take some action instead of remaining shut up in his palace all the time。〃
The Latter Ruler became really alarmed； and he sent one of his personal attendants to call the Prime Minister to court。
The servant was gone a long time； and then returned to say： 〃The servants in the residence said the Prime Minister was ill and not to be seen。〃
The young Emperor's distress increased； and he sent two High Ministers………Dong Yun and Du Qiong………to Zhuge Liang； saying they were to see him even if he was on his couch and tell him the dreadful news of invasion。 They went； but they got no farther than the gate。 The keepers of the gate refused them admission。
But Du Qiong said； 〃The First Ruler had confided his son to the Prime Minister。 It has not been long since His Majesty's accession to the Throne that Cao Pi threatens to invade our territories with five armies。 This is urgent military matter。 How can the Prime Minister make illness as an excuse not to appear？〃
The wardens of the gate went inside with what was said。
After keeping them waiting a long time； the wardens returned； saying； 〃The Prime Minister is rather better and will be at court in the morning。〃
The two ministers sighed deeply as they wended their way to the Emperor's palace。
Next morning a great crowd of officers assembled at the gate of the Prime Minister's residence to wait for him to appear。 But he did not e out。 It began to grow late； and many of them were tired of waiting； and the crowd dispersed。
Du Qiong went again to the Emperor and suggested； saying； 〃Your Majesty should go in person and try to get Zhuge Liang to say what should be done。〃
The Latter Ruler then returned to his palace with the officials and told the Empress Dowager his trouble。 She was also alarmed。
〃What can he mean？〃 said she。 〃This does not look like acting in the spirit of the charge laid upon him by the late Emperor。 Let me go myself。〃
〃Oh no；〃 said Dong Yun。 〃Your Majesty must not go。 We think all is well； and the Prime Minister certainly understands and will do something。 Beside； you must let His Majesty go first； and if the Prime Minister still shows remissness； then Your Majesty can summon him to the Temple of the Dynasty and ask him。〃
So it was left at that。 And the next day the Emperor rode in his chariot to the gate of his minister。 When the doorkeepers saw the imperial chariot appear； they fell upon their knees to wele the Emperor。
〃Where is the Prime Minister？〃 asked he。
〃We do not know。 But we have orders not to let in the crowd of officers。〃
The Emperor then descended and went on foot right in to the third gate。 Then he saw Zhuge Liang leaning on a staff beside a fishpond looking at the fish。 The Latter Ruler approached； and stood behind him for a long time。
Presently the Latter Ruler said slowly and with dignity； 〃Is the Prime Minister really enjoying himself？〃
Zhuge Liang started and looked round。 When he saw who the speaker was； he suddenly dropped his staff and prostrated himself。
〃I ought to be put to death ten thousand times！〃 said Zhuge Liang。
But the Emperor put forth his hand and helped him to rise； saying； 〃Cao Pi threatens immediate invasion from five points。 Why will you not e forth and attend to business？〃
Zhuge Liang laughed。 He conducted the Emperor into an inner room； and； when he was seated； Zhuge Liang addressed the Emperor； saying； 〃Could it be possible that I was ignorant of these five armies？ I was not looking at the fishes； I was thinking。〃
〃But； this being so； what shall we do？〃
〃I have already turned back that Kebi Neng of the Qiangs； and Meng Huo of the Mangs； and the rebel leader Meng Da； and the army from Wei。 I have also thought out a plan to circumvent the army from Wu； but I need a special sort of person to carry it out。 I want an envoy； an able talker； one capable of persuading other people。 It was because I have not found such a person yet that I was so deeply in thought。 But Your Majesty may set your mind at rest and not be anxious。〃
The Latter Ruler heard this half terrified and half glad。
〃Surely your superhuman devices are too deep for the mortal。 But may I ask how these armies have been made to turn back？〃
〃Since His Late Majesty bade me take the best care of your welfare； I dare not be remiss for a single moment。 Some officers in Chengdu are ignorant of that refinement of war which consists in not allowing the enemy to guess your plans。 How could I let them know anything？ When I heard that Kebi Neng； the king of Qiangs； might invade； I remembered that Ma Chao's forefathers were friendly with those tribespeople and they had a high opinion of Ma Chao； calling him General Who Possesses Heavenly Prestige。 So I sent orders by dispatch to Ma Chao to hold the Xiping Pass； and to prepare ambushes in certain places and change them daily so as to keep the Qiangs off。 That settled them。
〃I sent hastily to the south to order Wei Yan to move certain bodies of troops about through the southwest territories； to be seen and th