utual confidence is promoted and good neighborliness cultivated。 Hence； people do not regard only their own parent and children； but regard the parents and children of others as well。 Provision is secured for the aged till death； employment for the able…bodied； and the mean of growing up for the young。 Helpless widows and widowers； orphans and the lonely； as well as the sick and the disable； are well cared for。 Men and women have their respective occupations and homes。 They do not like to see wealth lying idle； yet they do not use it for their own gratification。 They despise indolence； yet they do not use their energies for their own benefit。 In this way； selfish scheming are repressed； and robbers； thieves and the lawless no longer exist； and there is no need for people to shut their outer doors。 This is called the Great Harmony。
With Prime Minister Zhuge Liang's administration of affairs in the two River Lands began a period of happiness and prosperity for the people。 Tranquillity prevailed； and the state of society was well nigh perfect： Doors unbolted at night； property left by the roadside remaining untouched till the owner returned for it。 Moreover； the harvests were rich year after year； and old and young； with fair； round bellies； well lined； simply sang with joy。 The people hastened to fulfill their state duties and vied with each other in the performance of all arts。 As a natural consequence all military preparations were perfect； the granaries bursting with grain and the treasury full to overflowing。*
Such was the state of things when； in the third year of Beginning Prosperity （AD 225）； the news came from Yizhou to the capital to report： 〃The Mang King； Meng Huo； leading one hundred thousand Mang tribesmen； has invaded the south and is laying waste the country。 Yong Kai； the Governor of Jianning； a descent of the Han Lord Yong Chi of Shifang； had joined Meng Huo to rebel。 Zhu Bao and Gao Ding； the Governors of Zangge and Yuesui； have yielded to the invaders。 But the Governor of Yongchang； Wang Kang； is staunchly holding out。 The three rebels………Yong Kai； Gao Ding； and Zhu Bao………； who had joined the invaders； are now acting as guides and assisting in the attack on Yongchang； which has remained faithful。 Governor Wang Kang； ably assisted by Lu Kai； his Deputy Governor； is making a all…out effort to defend the city with only its ordinary inhabitants as fighting men。 The position is very desperate。〃
When this news came； Zhuge Liang went into the Palace and thus memorialized to his lord； 〃The contumacy of the Mangs is a real danger to our state。 I feel it incumbent upon me to lead an expedition to reduce the tribespeople to obedience。〃
But the Latter Ruler was afraid； and said； 〃Sun Quan is in the east； and Cao Pi the north。 If you abandon me and either of them es； what shall I do？〃
〃Your Majesty need have no fear。 We have just concluded a league of peace with Wu； and I think they will be true to their pledge。 Li Yan in Baidicheng is quite a match for Lu Xun。 Cao Pi's recent defeat has taken the keenness out of his army； so that he will not feel inclined to make any expeditions further。 Ma Chao is in mand at the passes between Wei and Hanzhong。 I shall also leave Guan Xing and Zhang Bao with forces to reinforce any point where danger may appear。 I can assure Your Majesty that no untoward event will happen。
〃I am going to sweep clean the Mang country； so that we may have a free hand to attack Wei when the day es。 Thus I shall be enabled to requite the honor paid me by your father the First Ruler； who came thrice to seek me and who doubled my obligation when he confided to me the care of his son。〃
〃Indeed I am young and ignorant；〃 replied the Latter Ruler； 〃and can only exist with you to decide for me。〃
At that moment Counselor Wang Lian； a man of Nanyang； stepped forward； crying； 〃No； no； Sir； you may not go！ The South Mang is a wild country reeking with malaria。 It is wrong that an officer of state in such an exalted and responsible position should go away on a distant expedition。 These rebels and tribespeople are but an irritation； not a disease； and an ordinary leader would be enough to send against them。 He would not fail。〃
Zhuge Liang replied； 〃This country of the Mangs is distant and mostly tribal。 To pacify them will be difficult； and I feel I ought to go。 When to be harsh and when to show leniency are matters to be decided on at the moment； and instructions cannot be easily given to another。〃
Zhuge Liang steadily opposed all Wang Lian's efforts to bring about a change of intention； and he soon took leave of the Latter Ruler and made ready to start。
Jiang Wan was Army Counselor of the expedition； Fei Yi； Secretary； Dong Jue and Fan Jian； Army Inspectors； Zhao Yun and Wei Yan； manders； Wang Ping and Zhang Yi； Deputy manders。 Beside these were other half a hundred leaders and officers of Shu； and the whole force was five hundred thousand troops。
Soon after the force marched south to Yizhou； Guan Suo； the third son of Guan Yu； appeared and wished to see Zhuge Liang。
And Guan Suo said to him； 〃After the fall of Jingzhou； I was hidden by the Bao family from where I wanted to go to the River Lands to ask the First Ruler for a revenge for my father。 But I fell in illness； which was long and severe； and I only just recovered。 I was then traveling toward Chengdu to meet with the Latter Ruler； when I met the army in the south expedition。 I know that vengeance has been taken on the murderers of my father。 And now I want to present myself to the Prime Minster。〃
Zhuge Liang was greatly affected to see him。 He sent news of the young man's arrival to the court and gave Guan Suo a post of Van Leader。
The army； foot and horse； marched in the best of order； eating when hungry； drinking when thirsty； camping at night； and moving by day。 No plundering was permitted； and the people suffered not at all。
When Yong Kai and his fellow rebels heard that Zhuge Liang was marching against them； they called their troops together and formed three divisions； Gao Ding in the center； Yong Kai on the left； and Zhu Bao on the right。 They mustered about fifty thousand troops in each army； and they went to oppose the march of the Shu army。
Gao Ding sent E Huan to lead the van。 This E Huan was nine spans tall in stature； and savage of countenance。 His weapon was a two…bladed halberd。 He was very valiant and could face many warriors。 He led his own cohort out in advance of the main body and fell in with the leading bodies of the Shu army immediately after they had got into Yizhou。
The two sides drew up for battle。 The arrays being plete； Wei Yan rode out and vilified the rebels； shouting； 〃O malcontent！ Be quick to surrender！〃
Instead； E Huan galloped out and fought with Wei Yan。 After a few bouts Wei Yan seemed to be bested and fled。 But this was only a ruse。 As E Huan followed； the gongs clanged and from left and right poured out Zhang Yi and Wang Ping。 Wei Yan turned around； and three generals besieged and captured E Huan。
He was taken to the tent of Zhuge Liang； who bade his attendants loose his bonds； gave him wine； and forted him。
Then Zhuge Liang asked； 〃Whom do you belong to？〃
E Huan replied； 〃I am one of the generals under Gao Ding。〃
〃I know Gao Ding as a loyal and good sort； but he has been led away by this Yong Kai。 Now I shall release you； but you are to bring Gao Ding to his senses and see to it that he es to surrender and avoids grave disaster。〃
E Huan thanked him and withdrew。 He went to his own side and soon saw Gao Ding。 He told Gao Ding what Zhuge Liang had said； and Zhuge Liang's kindly feeling deeply affected Gao Ding。
Next day； Yong Kai came over to Gao Ding's camp to visit him。
After the exchange of salutations； Yong Kai asked； 〃How did E Huan manage to return？〃
〃Zhuge Liang released him out of pure kindness；〃 replied Gao Ding。
〃This is a ruse of his to separate you from me： He wishes to make us enemies。〃
Gao Ding almost believed this too； and he was much perplexed。
Just then the watchers reported that the leaders of Shu had e up and were offering battle。 So Yong Kai led out thirty thousand troops to take up the challenge。 But after the third encounter he fled。 Wei Yan pursued him and smote for a distance of sev