Ö»ÓÐ18¡£6¡¡ÍòÃÀÔªÒÒµ«¸Ç´Ä²¢²»¿´ÖØIBM¡¡µÄÕâ¸ö±¨¼Û£¬ËûÇå³þÖªµÀ΢Èí¹«Ë¾
µÄÈí¼þ½«³ÉΪIBMPC¡¡»úµÄÑÜÉúÎֻҪIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾³É¹¦µØÏúÊÛÁËËüÃÇÉú²úµÄ»ú
Æ÷£¬Óû§±ØȻҪµ½Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾Ì¸¿ª·¢Ó¦ÓÃÈí¼þÊÂÒË£¬¶Ô΢ÈíÀ´Ëµ£¬ÐÞ¸ÄÈí¼þÊÇ
ºÜÈÝÒ×µÄÊ£¬ÌرðÊÇÕâÑùÒ»À´£¬ÆäËü΢µçÄÔÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÈí¼þ¡£
Ç©ÍêºÏͬºó£¬¸Ç´Ä¼¤¶¯µØ˵£»
¡°ÕâÕæÊÇÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄ»úÓö¡£¡±
Äêµ×£¬ÓÖ´«À´ºÃÏûÏ¢£º1980¡¡Äê΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÓªÒµ¶î´ïµ½ÁË600¡¡¶àÍòÃÀÔª¡£
µ«¸Ç´Ä²¢Ã»Óб»Õâ¸ö³É¼¨Ëù¼¤¶¯£¬ËûÏÖÔÚ×î¹ØÐĵÄÊÇÓëIBM¡¡µÄºÏͬÄÜ·ñ
°´ÆÚÍê³É£¬12¡¡ÔÂ6¡¡ÈÕÇ©µÄºÏͬ£¬¶ø²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄµÚÒ»°æÈí¼þ±ØÐëÔÚ1981¡¡Äê3
ÔÂÍê³É£¬Ö»¶ÁÄÚ´æÖеÄBASIC¡¡ÓïÑÔ³ÌÐòÏÞ96¡¡ÌìÍê³É£¬¡°FORTRAN¡±³ÌÐòÏÞ
257¡¡ÌìÍê³É¡£
΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÈí¼þ¿ª·¢¹¤×÷½øÈëÇ°ËùδÓеĽôÕÅ״̬¡£
¸Ç´ÄºÍÅÁĬ¶ûÑ¡¶¨Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄ°ËÂ¥Ò»¼äС·¿×÷ΪÈí¼þ¿ª·¢ÊÒ¡£IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾
¼«¶ËÖØÊÓ±£ÃÜ£¬×¨ÃÅËÍÀ´Á˱£ÃÜÎļþËø¡£²¢¾³£ÅÉÈËÀ´×ö°²È«¼ì²é£¬ÎªÁËÁª
ϵµÄ¿É¿¿°²È«ÐÔ£¬»¹×¨ÃÅÉèÁ¢ÁËÒ»Ì×רÓõç×ÓͨѶװÖá£
ºÏͬµÄµÚÒ»Ï»õÕýÊDzÙ×÷ϵͳ£¬²Ù×÷ϵͳÈí¼þÔÚµçÄÔÖеÄ×÷Óã¬ÓÈÈç
ÀÖÍŵÄÖ¸»Ó¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ¸ßÃ÷µÄÀÖÍÅÖ¸»ÓÊÖÏ£¬µçÄÔµÄÈíÓ²¼þ²Å»áе÷¹¤×÷£¬×à
³öÃÀÃîµÄµçÄÔÀÖÕ¡£¹ú¼ÊÉÌ»ú¹«Ë¾×î²»·ÅÐĵÄÕýÊÇ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÄÜ·ñ¿ª·¢³öÒ»¸ö
ÓÅÐãµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÕâÊÇIBM¡¡PC¡¡»úÄÜ·ñ˳ÀûÉÏÊв¢Õ¼Áì΢µçÄÔÊг¡µÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£
±È¶û¡¤¸Ç´Ä×î¹ØÐĵÄÒ²ÕýÊDzÙ×÷ϵͳµÄ¿ª·¢£¬µ«Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾ÒÔÍù²¢·ÇÉæ×ã
²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÒµÎñ£¬¼ÓÖ®¸Ç´ÄºÍÎÄÂ×ÔÚ²Ù×÷ϵͳ·½Ãæ·Ç¸öÈËËù³¤£¬¸Ç´ÄÒãÈ»¾ö
¶¨ÆôÓÃÐÂÈË¡£²Ù×÷ϵͳ¿ª·¢µÄ¸ºÔðÈËÊÇһλ¾«ÓÚÈí¼þÉè¼ÆµÄС»ï×Ó£º°ÂÄá¶û£¬
´ÓÅÁÌØÉÊÖÉÏÂòÀ´µÄQ¡ªDOS¡¡²Ù×÷ϵͳ½á¹¹ºÜÔʼ£¬¹¦ÄܺÜÈõ¡£°ÂÄá¶ûµÄÖ°
ÔðÊÇ£¬Ê×ÏÈҪǿ»¯Q¡DOS¡¡µÄ¹¤×÷£¬Ê¹Ëü´ïµ½×¨ÒµË®×¼£¬°ÂÄá¶ûÎ÷Ç°ÓÐÁ½¸ö±Ø
Ðë½â¾ö¶ø²»Ò×½â¾öµÄ¼¼ÊõÎÊÌ⣺һÊÇÒªÈÃIBMPC»úÉϵÄÊäÈëÊä³öϵͳºÍQ¡DOS
½áºÏÔËÐУ»¶þÊÇÒªÈÃQ¡ªDOS¡¡ËùÓõÄ8¡¡Ó¢´çÈí´ÅÅ̺ÍIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄ5¡£25¡¡Ó¢´çÈí
´ÅÅ̽øÐÐÎļþ¸ñʽ»¥»»¡£
°ÂÄá¶ûºÍÁíÒ»ÃûÉè¼Æʦ¿¼ÌØÄáΪ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¿ª·¢ÈÕÒ¹¹¤×÷¡£Õû¸öÄêµ×Ëû
ÃǶ¼ÅÝÔÚ»ú·¿£¬ÉõÖÁÊ¥µ®½ÚҲû»Ø¼Ò¡£
1980¡¡ÄêÊ¥µ®½Ú£¬IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾Ïò΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÌṩÁËһ̨IBM¡¡PC¡¡»úµÄÑù»ú£¬Õâ
̨»úÆ÷×°µÄ²»ÊÇ8086¡¡Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬¶øÊÇÓ¢Ìضû¹«Ë¾µÄ×îвúÆ·8088¡¡Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬
ÆäÄÚ²¿ÈÔÒÔ16¡¡Î»ÔËËã¡£
Õýµ±°ÂÄá¶ûÔÚIBM¡¡PC¡¡Ñù»úÉϱàд²Ù×÷ϵͳ³ÌÐòʱ£¬·¢ÏÖÁ˲»ÉÙÔ¤Áϲ»
µ½µÄÎÊÌâ¡£1981¡¡Äê1¡¡ÔÂ5¡¡ÈÕ£¬°ÂÄá¶ûдПøIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾¡°ÌøÆå¼Æ»®¡±¸ºÔðÈË
ÎÄ˹ÌØÀïÆ棬ϣÍûIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾ÖØÐÂÉè¼ÆÖ÷»úµç·°å£¬ÒÔ·¢»Ó8088¡¡Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷Ó¦
ÓеÄЧÄÜ£¬Í¬Ê±Ï£ÍûIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾ÑÓ³Ù΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄ½»»õʱÆÚ¡£°ÂÄá¶ûµÄÐŲ»Äܲ»
ÒýÆðIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄ¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓ£¬ËûÃDz»Ê±Åɹ¤³ÌʦǧÀïÌöÌö´Ó¶«²¿·Éµ½Î÷²¿£¬Óë
°ÂÄá¶ûËûÃǽøÐнô¼±´èÉÌ£¬×îºó£¬IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾Í¬Òâ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÑÓÆÚ½»»õ¡£
¾ÍÔÚ°ÂÄá¶ûÓ뿼ÌØÄáΪIBM¡¡PC¡¡»ú²Ù×÷ϵͳ¿ª·¢µÄͬʱ£¬¸Ç´ÄºÍ°¬Â×Ôò
ŬÁ¦½«ÔΪÀÏÐÍ°¢¶ûÌ©»úÉè¼ÆµÄBASIC¡¡Èí¼þ¸Ä½øΪÄÜÓÃÓÚIBMPC¡¡»úÉϵÄÈí
¼þ¡£³ýÁËBASIC¡¡Èí¼þÖ®Í⣬°´ÓëIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾Ç©¶©µÄºÏͬ£¬»¹ÒªÍê³ÉCOBCL¡¢
FORTARAN¡¢PASCAL¡¡µÄÈí¼þת»¯¹¤×÷£¬ÕâÒâζ×ÅÒª½øÐÐ4¡¡ÍòÓàÌõÖ¸ÁîµÄÉè¼Æ¡£
¸Ç´ÄºÍÎÄÂ×ÒÔ¼°Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÆäËû³ÌÐò±àÖÆÈËԱΪ¸÷ÖÖÓïÑÔת»»µÄ¹¤×÷æµÃ²»
ÒàÀÖºõ¡£
ÔÚ1980¡¡ÄêÊ¥µ®½ÚµÄÍíÉÏ£¬¸Ç´ÄÓÇÐÄâçâçµØ¶ÔÂêÀö£¬¸Ç´Ä˵£º¡°ÂèÂ裬
Äã¿ÉÄܽ«½ü°ëÄê¼û²»µ½ÎÒµÄÃæÁË¡£¡±ÔÚÕâ֮ǰ£¬¸Ç´Äͨ³£ÊǻؼÒÓ븸ĸһµÀ
¹²½øÍí²Í¡£
1981¡¡Äê4¡¡ÔÂ12¡¡ÈÕ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹úÀúÊ·ºÍÈËÀàµÄÀúÊ·É϶¼ÊÇÒ»¸öÖØÒªµÄÈÕ×Ó¡£
ÃÀ¹úº½Ìì·É»ú¡°¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ¡±ºÅ½«ÔØÁ½Ãû×Öº½Ô±Ê×´ÎÊÔ·É£¬¼Æ»®¾¹ý54¡¡¸ö°ë
СʱµÄ·ÉÐУ¬ÈƵØÇò36¡¡Öܺó׎£¬Õâ±êÖ¾×ÅÈËÀà¿Õ¼ä¼¼ÊõµÄÒ»¸öн׶οª
ʼÁË¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¡ÖضøÉñÊ¥µÄÈÕ×Ó£¬³çÉм¼ÊõµÄ΢Èí¹«Ë¾¼¼ÊõÈËÔ±¶¼Ïëµ½·ð
ÂÞÀï´ïÖÝÈ¥¿´º½Ìì·É»úµÄ·¢ÉäÇé¾°£¬ÄѵÃÒ»¼û£¬³¡ÃæÒ»¶¨Ò쳣׳¹Û¡£
ËûÃǶԸǴÄÒªÇóµÀ£º¡°±È¶û£¬ÄãÒ²Ó¦¸ÃÈ¥¿´Ò»¿´£¬·ñÔò»áÒź¶ÖÕÉúµÄ¡£¡±
¸Ç´ÄºÍÎÄÂ×ÆÈÓÚ¹ú¼ÊÉÌ»ú¹«Ë¾µÄºÏͬÈÎÎñºÜÖØ£¬Ò»Ö±¾Ü¾øͬÒâ³ÌÐòÉè¼Æ
ʦÃǵÄÇëÇó¡£
¡°¾ø¶Ô²»»áÓ°Ï칤×÷£¬¶øÇÒÎÒÃÇ»¹»áÌáÇ°Íê³ÉһЩ¹¤×÷£¬ÔÙÈ¥·ðÂÞÀï´ï
ÖÝ¡£¡±°ÂÄá¶ûËûÃǼá³ÖҪȥĿ¶ÃÕâ×Ô°¢²¨ÂÞµÇÔÂÒÔÀ´ÈËÀຽÌìÊ·ÉÏ×îΰ´óµÄ
¿Æ¼¼½ø²½³¡¾°¡£¸Ç´ÄͬÒâÁË¡£
ÓÚÊÇ£¬Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄËùÓгÌÐòÉè¼Æʦ²»·ÖÖçÒ¹µØÒ»Á¬¸ÉÁË5¡¡Ì죬ƴÃüµØÍê
³ÉÁËÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ¹¤×÷ºó£¬ÓÚ1981¡¡Äê4¡¡ÔÂ11¡¡ÈÕÔçÉÏ£¬³Ë·É»úÈ¥·ðÂÞÀï´ïÖݹۿ´
º½Ìì·É»úµÄ·¢Éä¡£
ÕâÊÇ΢Èí¹«Ë¾½ÓÏÂIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄ¶©µ¥£¬Î¨Ò»µÄÒ»´Î¶ÌÔÝÐݼ٣¬Õâ´ÎÐݼٽö
36¡¡¸öСʱ¡£
²»¾Ã£¬4¡¡ÔµÄÒ»Ìì¡£Q¡ªDOS¡¡²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¿ªÉ½±Ç×æÅÁÌØÉÀ´Î÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»ú
ÖÆÔ칫˾£¬Í¶¿¿Î¢ÈíÃÅÏ¡£ÕâÓÖÊDZ£ÂÞ¡¤°¬Â×µÄÒ»¸ö½Ü×÷¡£¸Ç´ÄΪ´ËÐ˷ܲ»
ÒÑ£¬¿ª·¢ÍêÃÀµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳÔöÇ¿ÁËÐÅÐÄ¡£Ëû¾ö¶¨£¬½«ÓÉQ¡ªDOS¡¡¿ª·¢³öµÄ²Ù×÷
ϵͳÃüÃûΪMS¡ªDOS£¬MS¡¡ÕýÊÇ΢ÈíµÄËõд£¬Ëû±¾ÈËÒ²Ðí²¢Î´Òâʶµ½£¬ÐÂÉú¶ù
MS¡ªDOS¡¡½«»áÔÚ¼ÆËã»ú²Ù×÷ϵͳÖÐß³ßå·çÔÆ¡¢¶À°Ô½ºþ£¬ÐγÉDOS¡¡Ê±´ú¡£
΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÔÚÓëIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄºÏ×÷ÖУ¬Èí¼þÉè¼ÆˮƽÓëÄÜÁ¦Ñ¸ËÙÌá¸ß£¬¶ÓÎé
Ò²Öð½¥×³´ó£¬µ½1981¡¡ÄêÖУ¬Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾Ô±¹¤ÒÑÔö¼Óµ½100¡¡ÈË¡£¼´±ãÈç´Ë£¬IBM
¹«Ë¾»¹Êǵ£ÐÄ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÈËÊÖ²»¹»£¬IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾ÎªÃ¿Ò»¸ö΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄ³ÌÐòÉè¼Æʦ
°²ÅÅÁËÒ»Ãû²âÊÔÈËÔ±£¬²¢²ÉÓÃÒ»ÇÐÏȽøµÄÊֶβâÊÔ΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÈí¼þ¡£ÔÚIBM
¹«Ë¾µÄ°ïÖúÏ£¬Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾°ÑÈí¼þÉè¼ÆÍÆÏòÒ»¸öȫн׶Ρ£
±È¶û¡¤¸Ç´ÄÔø°Ñµ±Ê±ÓëIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄºÏ×÷³ÆΪ¡°ÓãÔ¾ÁúÃÅ¡±¡£Æäʵ£¬¹ú¼Ê
ÉÌ»ú¹«Ë¾ÔÚÓë΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄºÏ×÷ÖÐÒ²Ò»¸ÄÎÒÐÐÎÒËØ¡¢Î¨ÎÒ¶À×ðµÄÒµ½ç¡°°ÔÖ÷¡±
×÷·ç£¬ÕâÒ»ÔÚIBM¡¡ÀúÊ·ÉÏ×î¾ß¸ïÃüÐԵı仯´ÙʹÁËÕâ¸ö¡°À¶É«¾ÞÈË¡±µÄÎȲ½
·¢Õ¹¡£
Ò»Ì죬²Å´ÓÑÇÅÁ¿Ë»ùÊÐתµ½Î÷ÑÅͼµÄ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÃØÊ鶱¦£¬Ëý¿´µ½¸Ç´Ä´©
ÁËÒ»Ì×Èý¼þÍ·Î÷×°£¬Ò»±¾Õý¾£¬²»Ãâ¾õµÃºÃЦ£¬ÔÚÑÇÅÁ¿Ë»ùÊдÓδ¼ûµ½¸Ç´Ä
ÓÐÕ⸶װ°ç¡£¹ýÁËÒ»»á¶ù£¬Èý¸ö´©Å£×п㡢Ô˶¯×°µÄÈËÌá×ÅƤÏä×ß¹ýÀ´£¬Â¶
±¦ÒÔΪÊÇÍÆÏúÔ±£¬ÉÏÇ°×èµ²£¬À´Õß˵Ã÷ËûÃÇÊÇIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾µÄ´ú±í£¬Óë¸Ç´ÄÓÐÔ¼¡£
ÕâÈö±¦ÉõΪ¾ªÑÈ£º¡°À¶É«¾ÞÈË¡±Å£×л¯£¬²¢Èç´ËµÄËæ±ã£¬¶øÒ»¹áËæ±ãµÄ¸Ç
´ÄÈ´Ò¹ڳþ³þ£¬Ï໥¶¼µßµ¹ÁË¡£ºóÀ´£¬Ëý»ÐÈ»´óÎò£º¿´À´´ó¼Ò¶¼Ê®·Ö×ðÖضÔ
·½£¬´©É϶Է½ÀÖÓÚ¼ûµ½µÄ·þ×°¡£ËýΪIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾¶Ô΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄ×ðÖØÊ®·Ö¸ßÐË¡£
ÕâÆڼ䣬¸Ç´Äͨ³£ÊÇ°Ñ×Ô¼º¹ØÔڰ칫ÊÒ¹¤×÷£¬³ýÁË·ÉÍù·ðÂÞÀï´ïÖÝ£¬¼¸
ºõ×ã²»³ö»§¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾¡°ÌøÆå¼Æ»®¡±µÄ¹¤³ÌʦÃÇƵ·±µØÍùÀ´ÓÚÎ÷ÑÅͼ
Óë·ðÂÞÀï´ïÖݵIJ®¿¨À¶ÙÖ®¼ä£¬ÕâÒýÆð´«²¥Ã½½éµÄÐËȤ£¬ÔÚ±¨ÉÏÓйØIBM¡¡¹«
˾½«Óдó¾Ù´ëµÄÏûϢʱÓб¨µÀ¡£¸üÓÐÉõÕߣ¬1981¡¡Äê6¡¡ÔÂ8¡¡ÈÕ³ö°æµÄ¡¶ÐÅÏ¢
ÊÀ½ç¡·µçÄÔÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢±íÁËһƪÎÄÕÂÕýʽ±¨µÀÁËIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾ÕýÔÚ¿ª·¢ÐÂÐ͵ĸöÈË
µçÄÔ£¬²¢ÓпÉÄÜÕýÔÚÑÐÖÆÐÂÐͲÙ×÷ϵͳ¡£ÕâƪÎÄÕÂʹ¸Ç´Ä¾ª»Åʧ´ë£¬Î¨¿ÖIBM
¹«Ë¾ÎóÒÔΪÊÇ΢Èí¹«Ë¾Ð¹Â©ÏûÏ¢µÄ£¬Ëûµ£ÐÄIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾»áͻȻÖжϺÏ×÷¼Æ»®£¬
ÕâÖÖÊÂÇé²»ÊÇû·¢Éú¹ý¡£¸Ç´Ä¶ÔÕâÖÖÊÂÓÇÐÄÖÙâç¡£
¸Ç´Ä³ýÁËÓÇÐÄÓÚIBM¡¡¹«Ë¾¸Ä±ä¡°ÌøÆå¼Æ»®¡±Í⣬»¹ÌرðÓÇÐÄÓÚÒ»¸ö·¨ÂÉ
ÎÊÌâ¡£
°¬Â×´ÓÎ÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆÔ칫˾¹ºµÃµÄQ¡ªDOS¡¡²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÊµÖÊÉϽöÈ¡µÃ
ÁËʹÓÃȨ£¬Î÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆÔ칫˾»¹¿ÉÄܽ«´Ë²Ù×÷ϵͳתÈøøÆäËû¿Í»§¡£Õâ
Òâζ×Å£¬´ÓQ¡ªDOS¡¡¿ª·¢µÄMS¡ªDOS¡¡ÓÐÖØ´óµÄÒþ»¼£¬Ö»ÓжÀÕ¼Æä²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ
±ê×¼²ÅÄÜ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÉÌÒµÀûÒæ¡£
¸Ç´Ä½«ÕâÒ»¼¬ÊÖµÄÎÊÌâÊ×ÏȽ»¸ø°¬Â×ȥ̽һ̽·¡£
µ±Ê±Î÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆÔ칫˾ÒÑÕë¶Ô8086¡¡Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷¿ª·¢³öÁËQ¡ªDOS¡¡µÄÉý
¼¶²Ù×÷ϵͳ86¡ªDOS¡£ÎÄÂ×дПø²¼Âå¿Ë£¬¸æËßËû΢ÈíÏëµÃµ½86¡ªDOS¡¡µÄÍê
ȫתÈÃȨ£¬ÒÔ±ãÍêÕûÖ±½ÓµØ¶Ô¸¶»ù¶û´ú¶ûµÄ¼ÓÖÝÊý¾ÝÑо¿¹«Ë¾µÄCP/M¡¡²Ù×÷
ϵͳ¡£
²¼Âå¿ËÇå³þµØÖªµÀ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÔÚÓïÑÔÈí¼þ¿ª·¢ÉÏÓкÜÇ¿µÄʵÁ¦£¬ËûºÜÏëÈÃ
΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÎªËûµÄDOS¡¡²Ù×÷ϵͳÅäÉϸ÷Öָ߼¶µÄÓïÑÔÈí¼þ£¬ÒÔÀûÕ¼ÁìÊг¡£¬Ëû
´ðӦ΢Èí¹«Ë¾Î¨Ò»±»ÔÊÐíʹÓÃ86¡ªDOS¡¡²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬¶øÎ÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆÔ칫˾
ÈÔȻӵÓÐ86¡ªDOS¡£
ËûûÓÐÁϵ½£¬¾¸Ç´ÄÉó¸Ä¹ýµÄÐÒéÎı¾ÖУ¬¡°Î¨Ò»Ê¹Óá±±»Àí½âΪӵÓУ¬
¶ø¡°ÓµÓС±½ö±»Àí½âΪ¿É¼ÌÐøʹÓᣵ±Î¢ÈíµÄÂÉʦ½«ÐÒéÎı¾Ë͵½²¼Âå¿Ë×À
ÉϺ󣬲¼Âå¿Ë²ÅÃ÷°×£¬ÕâÒѲ»ÊÇתÈÃרÀû£¬¶øÊÇÏò΢Èí¹«Ë¾³öÊÛÕû¸ö²Ù×÷ϵ
ͳµÄרÀûȨ¡£ËûÓÌÔ¥ÁË¡£
΢Èí¹«Ë¾ÎªÁ˾¡¿ì˵ÑÛ²¼Âå¿Ë£¬¸Ç´ÄÈÃÅÁĬ¶ûÇ××ÔÇ°ÍùÎ÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆ
Ô칫˾ȥ̸ÅС£ÅÁĬ¶ûÊ×ÏÈΪÕâÏîÂòÂô³ö¼Û5¡¡ÍòÃÀÔª£¬ÊǹºÂòQ¡ªDOS¡¡Ê¹ÓÃ
ȨµÄÁ½±¶¡£ÅÁĬ¶ûÔÚ̸ÅÐÖÐÐíŵ£¬Î÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»úÖÆÔ칫˾²»½ö¿ÉÒÔ¼ÌÐøʹÓÃ
ÏÖÓеÄDOS£¬¸ü¿ÉÒÔÃâ·ÑÔËÓÃDOS¡¡µÄÉý¼¶°æ±¾£¬¿´ÆðÀ´Î÷ÑÅͼ¼ÆËã»ú¹«Ë¾½«
Ò»ÎÞËùʧ¶ø¾»µÃ5¡¡ÍòÃÀÔª£¬ÔÚÕâÖÖ¿´ËÆÓÕÈ˵ÄÌõ¼þÃæÇ°£¬²¼Âå¿ËͬÒâÁË¡£
²¼Âå¿ËÏÔȻûÓÐÁì»áµ½Õû¸öʼþµÄºËÐÄËùÔÚ¡£¸Ç´ÄÒÑ¿´µ½ÁËÕâÖÖΪIBMPC¡¡»úËùʹÓò¢ÍƹãµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ±ä³ÉÐÐÒµ±ê×¼µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬Õâ¾ÍÒâζ×ÅMS¡ªDOS
½«²»½öÊÇIBM¡¡PC¡¡»úÁ¦²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬½«³ÉΪ¼ÆËã»úͨÓõÄÒ»ÖÖ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÓÉ´Ë
½¨Á¢Õû¸öÐÐÒµµÄ¼¼Êõ±ê×¼¡£¸Ç´ÄËû±ØÐë³ÉΪÕâ¸ö±ê×¼µÄÖ÷ÈË£¬ÓµÓÐDOS¡¡µÄËù
ÓÐȨ£¬ÕâÖÖÃÀºÃÇ°¾°²ÅÓÐÒâÒå¡£µ±Ê±£¬²¼Âå¿ËÊDz»¿ÉÄÜÖªµÀ¸Ç´ÄµÄÕæʵÏë·¨¡£
×îºó£¬ÔÚ°¬Â׵ĴߴÙÏ£¬1981¡¡Äê7¡¡ÔÂ26¡¡ÈÕ²¼Âå¿ËÔÚ΢Èí¹«Ë¾ËùÔڵر´
¶ûÑÅÓÈÇ©¶©ÁËÕâ·ÝºÏͬ¡£
ÖÕÓÚ£¬Î¢ÈíÓµÓÐÁËÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÕâΪºóÀ´Î¢ÈíµÄ»Ô»ÍÂõ³öÁ˾ö
¶¨ÐÔµÄÒ»²½¡£
¸Ç´ÄΪ´ËÐÀϲÈô¿ñ¡£
²»¾Ã£¬ÓÖ´«À´IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾ÂíÉϽ«»á°ÑIBMPC¡¡¸öÈ˵çÄÔÕýʽÍƳöÊг¡³öÊÛµÄ
¿Ï¶¨ÏûÏ¢¡£
¸Ç´ÄËùÓеÄÓÇÐÄÎÊÌâÈ«²¿½â¾öÁË£¬ÕâÈÃËûÊ®·ÖÐË·Ü¡£µ±Ì죬ËûÔÚÎ÷ÑÅͼ
µÄÒ»¼Ò´ó²ÍÌü°²ÅÅÁËÒ»³¡ÌØ´óÇ칦Ñ磬΢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÔ±¹¤ÃÇÔÚÄÇÀïÍ´Í´¿ì¿ìµØ
ÇìºØÁËÒ»·¬¡£
Ç칦ÑçÖ®ºó£¬Î¢Èí¹«Ë¾µÄÉè¼ÆʦÃÇÔٶȽøÈë½ôÕÅ״̬£¬¼ÌÐøÍê³ÉMS¡ª
DOS¡¢BASIC¡¢CLBL¡¢FORTRAN¡¢PASCAL¡¡µÈ¿ª·¢ÊÕβ¹¤×÷¡£
1981¡¡Äê8¡¡ÔÂ12¡¡ÈÕ£¬¹ú¼ÊÉÌ»ú¹«Ë¾ÏòÈ«ÊÀ½çÐû²¼80¡¡Äê´úµçÄÔ½ç×î´óµÄ
Ò»ÏîÐÂÎÅ£ºÐÂÒ»´ú¸öÈ˵çÄÔIBM¡¡PC¡¡»úÕýʽÎÊÊÀÁË¡£
Õâ±êÖ¾×ŵÚÈý´ú¸öÈ˵çÄÔµÄÎÊÊÀ£¬Ò²Í¬Ê±±íÃ÷¼ÆËã»ú¸öÈ˵çÄԵijÉÊì¡£
µÚÒ»´úÊÇ1975¡¡ÄêÓÉÂÞ²®´ÄµÄÃÜÌØ˹¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄ¡°°¢¶ûÌ©¡±8080¡¡Î¢µçÄÔ£»µÚ
¶þ´úÊÇÇDz¼Ë¹µÄÆ»¹û¹«Ë¾Éú²úµÄ¡°Æ»¹û2¡¡ºÅ¡±£¬ÕâÊÇ8¡¡Î»¼ÆËã»úµÄ½Ü×÷¡£µÚ
Èý´úÊÇÒÔIBM¡¡PC¡¡»úΪʼ×棬²ÉÓÃ16¡¡Î»Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ¼æÈÝÐÔ¸öÈ˵çÄÔ¡£
IBM¡¡PC¡¡¸öÈ˵çÄÔµÄÎÊÊÀ£¬Ò»Ê±¼ä³ÉΪ´«²¥Ã½¼Û±¨µÀµÄÈȵ㡣¡¶»ª¶û½Ö
ÈÕ±¨¡·ÈÏΪ£º¡°IBM¡¡¹«Ë¾È«Á¦ÒÔ¸°½øÈë¸öÈ˵çÄÔÊг¡£¬×¨¼ÒÃǹÀ¼ÆÕâ¡®À¶É«
¾ÞÈË¡¯¿ÉÒÔÔÚÁ½ÄêÄÚÈ¡µÃÊг¡µÄ°ÔÖ÷µØλ¡£¡±
ÔÚÍƳöIBM¡¡PC¡¡¸öÈ˵çÄ