r frames of reference。 I am not concerned with beliefs but with the cosmic mechanism 〃which has generated and perpetuated those beliefs。
III。
There is an old house on a tree…lined street in New York's Greenwich Village which harbors a strange ghost。 Hans Holzer and other ghost…chasers have included the house in their catalogs of haunted places。 The phantom has been seen by several people in recent years。 It is dressed hi； a long black cape and wears a wide…brimmed slouch hat pulled down over its eyes as it slinks from room to room。 Self…styled parapsychologists have woven all kinds of fantasies around this apparition。 Obviously a spy from the revolutionary war was caught and killed in the old house。
But wait。 This ghost may not be a member of the restless dead at all。 There were never any reports of hauntings there until about twenty years ago； after the house was vacated by a writer named Walter Gibson。 He was； and is； an extraordinarily prolific author。 For many years he churned out a full…length novel each month； and many of those novels were written in the house in Greenwich Village。 All of them were centered around the spectacularly successful character Gibson created in the 1930s； that nemesis of evil known as The Shadow。 If you have read any of The Shadow novels you know that he was fond of lurking in dark alleys dressed in a cape and broad…brimmed slouch hat。
Why would a Shadow…like apparition suddenly appear in an old house？ Could it be some kind of residue from Walter Gibson's very powerful mind？ We do know that some people can move objects； even bend spoons and keys； with the power of their minds alone。 Mental telepathy is now a tested and verified phenomenon。 And about 10 percent of the population have the ability to see above and beyond the narrow spectrum of visible light。 They can see radiations and even objects invisible to the rest of us。 A very large part of the UFO lore is； in fact； based upon the observations of such people。 What seems normal to them seems abnormal； even ridiculous； to the rest of us。 People who see ghosts or the wandering Shadow have these abilities。 They are peering at forms that are always there； always present around us like radio waves； and when certain conditions exist they can see these things。 The Tibetans believe that advanced human minds can manipulate these invisible energies into visible forms called tulpas； or thought projections。 Did Walter Gibson's intense concentration on his Shadow novels inadvertently bring a tulpa into existence？
Readers of occult literature know there are innumerable cases of ghosts haunting a particular site year after year； century after century； carrying out the same mindless activities endlessly。 Build a house on such a site and the ghost will leave locked doors ajar as it marches through to carry out its programed activity。 Could these ghosts really be tulpas； residues of powerful minds like the phantom in the broad…brimmed hat？
Next； consider this。 UFO activity is concentrated in the same areas year after year。 In the Ohio valley； they show a penchant for the ancient Indian mounds which stand throughout the area。 Could some UFOs be mere tulpas created by a long forgotten people and doomed forever to senseless maneuvers in the night skies？
There are archaeological sites in the Mississippi valley which have been dated to 8；000 years ago 。。。 long before the Indians are supposed to have arrived。 Some of the Indian mounds （there are hundreds of them scattered throughout North America） are laid out and constructed with the same kind of mathematical precision found in the pyramids of Egypt。 While it is known that the Indians were still adding to some of the mounds in the south when the Europeans first arrived； other mounds seem to be considerably older。 Some are built in the form of elephants。 What did the builders use for a model？ Others are in the shape of sea serpents。 These forms can only be seen from the air。 To plan and build such mountains of shaped earth required technical skills beyond the simple nomadic woods Indians。
Currently there is a revival in diffusionism； a popular scientific concept of the 1920s which asserted that many of the puzzling artifacts and ancient constructions found throughout the world were the products of a single worldwide culture。 The cult of believers in Atlantis were the principal advocates of this idea； so sober scientists naturally turned away from it for a theory that is almost impossible to support。 This was the notion that many inventions and ideas simply occurred simultaneously to widespread； isolated cultures。
The flying saucer entities have allegedly contacted many people in almost every country and have immodestly claimed credit for everything from the building of the pyramids to the sinking of Atlantis。 Erich Von Daniken； a Swiss author； has popularized the concept that members of an extraterrestrial civilization did contact early earthlings； basing his theories on expansive misinterpretations…and in several instances； deliberate misrepresentations…of archaeological curiosities。 Von Daniken seems to be totally ignorant of the work of European scholars such as Brinsley Trench； Paul Misraki； and W。 Raymond Drake； who have examined the same curiosities very carefully in the past ten years and developed elaborate philosophical hypotheses about the intrusion and effect of alien beings on mankind since the beginning。 Their concepts are wider in scope and significance； and far better documented than Von Daniken'（r） simplistic efforts。
That unidentified flying objects have been present since the dawn of man is an undeniable fact。 They are not only described repeatedly in the Bible； but were also the subject of cave paintings made thousands of years before the Bible was written。 And a strange procession of weird entities and frightening creatures have been with us just as long。 When you review the ancient references you are obliged to conclude that the presence of these objects and beings is a normal condition for this planet。 These things； these other intelligences or OINTs as Ivan Sanderson labeled them； either reside here but somehow remain concealed from us； or they do not exist at all and are actually special aberrations of the human mind…tulpas； hallucinations； psychological constructs； momentary materializations of energy from that dimension beyond the reach of our senses and even beyond the reaches of our scientific instruments。 They are not from outer space。 There is no need for them to be。 They have always been here。 Perhaps they were here long before we started bashing each other over the head with clubs。 If so； they will undoubtedly still be here long after we have incinerated our cities； polluted all the waters； and rendered the very atmosphere unbreathable。 Of course； their lives…if they have lives in the usual sense…will be much duller after we have gone。 But if they wait around long enough another form of so…called intelligent life will crawl out from under a rock and they can begin their games again。
IV。
Back in the 1920s； Charles Fort； the first writer to explore inexplicable events； observed you can measure a circle by beginning anywhere。 Paranormal phenomena are so widespread； so diversified； and so sporadic yet so persistent that separating and studying any single element is not only a waste of time but also will automatically lead to the development of belief。 Once you have established a belief； the phenomenon adjusts its manifestations to support that belief and thereby escalate it。 If you believe in the devil he will surely e striding down your road one rainy night and ask to use your phone。 If you believe that flying saucers are astronauts from another planet they will begin landing and collecting rocks from your garden。
Many…most…of the manifestations acpanying the UFO phenomenon simply did not fit into the enthusiasts3 concept of how a superior intelligence from another galaxy would behave。 So the flying saucer clubs carefully ignored； even suppressed； the details of those manifestations for many years。 When a black…suited man in a Cadillac turned up； he could